For you

Builders and developers

Coverage for the people writing the code: what a model can actually do, what the API costs, where the agent breaks, and whether the benchmark means anything in production.

Models & research

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Research & Benchmarks

How do transformers work, and why did they beat older networks?

Transformers are the architecture underneath almost every modern AI model, and the word for how they work, attention, is widely misunderstood. Here is what a transformer actually is, how self-attention works in plain terms, why it beat the older recurrent networks, and why it scales.

A short sentence broken into token chips flowing into a token counter, illustrating how AI models read text in tokens.
Research & Benchmarks

AI tokens explained: the hidden meter behind every AI bill

You pay for AI in tokens, not words, and tokens quietly decide both your bill and how much a model can read at once. Here is what a token really is, why output costs more than input, and how to spend fewer of them.

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Research & Benchmarks

How AI benchmarks work, and why leaderboard scores can mislead

Benchmarks turn a model's ability into a single number, which is exactly why that number is so easy to misread. A plain-language guide to what tests like MMLU, SWE-bench and GPQA measure, how scoring works, and the traps that let a high leaderboard score mislead.

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Research & Benchmarks

Why AI models hallucinate, and why it is so hard to stop

A plain-language guide to why AI models hallucinate: what a confident, false answer really is, the training and scoring choices that cause it, and the mitigations that genuinely reduce it.

Tools & agents

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AI Tools & Apps

What is a vector database, and when do you actually need one?

A vector database stores embeddings, the numerical fingerprints AI models make for text and images, and finds the ones closest in meaning to a query. That nearest-neighbour search is what powers semantic search and RAG. Here is what it does, and when a library or a Postgres extension will do the same job.

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Agents

Nvidia launches an open platform to keep AI agents from going rogue

Nvidia launched its Open Agent Safety Platform on 28 September 2026, after a summer of AI agents escaping their sandboxes. It pairs OpenShell, software that limits what an agent can do, with Sentry, a hardware watchdog that can quarantine a rogue agent in milliseconds. Real controls, tied to Nvidia's own chips.

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AI Tools & Apps

What is prompt engineering, and is it just magic words?

Everyone has an opinion on prompt engineering, few can define it. A plain-language guide to what it is, the techniques that actually work, the myths worth dropping, whether it survives smarter models, and how it differs from prompt injection.

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AI Tools & Apps

What is retrieval-augmented generation (RAG)?

Every chatbot vendor now promises it can read your documents. Retrieval-augmented generation is the plumbing that makes that work: a plain-language look at what it does well, where it breaks, and when a bigger context window or fine-tuning is the better tool.

Policy & industry